2Background and aims: Psychological empowerment is a crucial factor in driving performance improvement within the HEALTHcare and treatment system. As an organizational strategy, it plays a vital role in enabling employees to take on more responsibilities in decision-making processes and enhances their engagement in controlling organizational procedures. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a key variable influenced by psychological empowerment (PE), leading to the development of employee performance and organizational productivity. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between PE and OCB within the HEALTHcare and treatment sector. Methods: This applied study is a descriptive-survey. The research sample consists of 165 employees from the Babolsar HEALTHcare and Treatment Network, selected through simple random sampling. Data was gathered using standard scales for demographic information, PE, and OCB. Results: The findings indicate a positive and significant correlation between PE and employees' OCB (p<0.001). The structural equation model demonstrates that PE can predict OCB and its dimensions effectively. The model fit indices suggest a good fit (χ2/df=2.14, GFI=0.91, NFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.084). Conclusion: Conclusion: The PE and its components contribute to the enhancement of OCB among employees. Managers are recommended to focus on fostering employees' OCB development and improving performance levels through training, education, and the promotion of psychological empowerment skills.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Background and Aim: HEALTH and equal access to quality care regardless of age, gender, race and location is HEALTH systems' goal in all countries. This study aimed to determine inequality in HEALTHcare services distribution and development level of cities in Guilan province.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed the distribution state of 13 HEALTHcare indicators in all cities of Guilan (n=16) in year 2011 and 2013. In order to collect data, the database of Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) was used as reference. The taxonomy technique was employed to determine the degree of development of different cities. In addition, indicators were weighed by Shannon’s entropy. Finally, TOPSIS was used to rank the cities in term of access to HEALTH sector RESOURCES.Results: Taxonomy technique in 2 years showed that Rudbar, Rudsar and Lahidjan were of most developed cities and Talesh, Rezvanshahr and Amlash were the most under-developed cities respectively. After weighting indicators and according to Shannon entropy, the number of specialists and paramedics gained the most and the least weight, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the inequality in distribution of HEALTH RESOURCES in Guilan province, attention to underdeveloped cities in this province should be a priority. To achieve equitable HEALTH RESOURCES in Guilan, it is recommended that the plannings be based on state of development of cities.

Introduction: Electronic human resource management includes electronic tools that enable human resource managers to manage human resource data and information and also provide the possibility for the beneficiaries to have access to specific information and tasks of human RESOURCES through the Internet. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the effective factors of electronic human RESOURCES management in the Iranian HEALTH Insurance Organization using the fuzzy Delphi approach. Methods: The current research, which was carried out in 2023, has a mixed approach and an inductive paradigm. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative and quantitative part are academic experts and (senior) managers of the HEALTH insurance organization in Tehran province, and 30 of them were selected as sample members based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the research is a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. In this research, to analyze the data in the qualitative part, the content analysis method and coding approach using MAXQDA software was used and in the quantitative part, the fuzzy Delphi method was used. The validity and reliability of the interview were confirmed using content validity and intra-coder inter-coder reliability and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and inconsistency rate. Results: The results of the qualitative part indicate the identification of 15 factors as effective factors in electronic human RESOURCES management in Iran's HEALTH insurance organization. On the other hand, the results of the quantitative part using the fuzzy Delphi approach show that human RESOURCES architecture, structure and process reform, integration of human RESOURCES processes, reduction of administrative bureaucracy, the existence of financial support, and the creation of a suitable culture as the most important factors on the effective management of electronic human RESOURCES in Iran's HEALTH insurance organization. Conclusion: The application of electronic human RESOURCES management in the current changing conditions helps the HEALTH insurance organization more than ever in achieving its goals and agility.

Purpose: The present study conducted a survey of business ADMINISTRATION textbooks, using a checklist containing 31 criteria and distributing it among business ADMINISTRATION lecturers at universities of the west of Iran by hand and by email (online version) via social media (Telegram & LinkedIn) to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the textbooks from their point of view. Method: The population comprised lecturers of the field at western universities and a mixed method research was applied. The data were gathered through questionnaire and a semi-structured interview and analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and one sample t-test. . Result: Although the results show that the textbooks of business ADMINISTRATION mostly seem to be in a good position in terms of content and general appearances criteria, they have several weak points, naming, shape changes, localization, updated data and linking theory to practice and further improvement in these areas is clearly warranted.

Background: One of the most important goals of HEALTH systems is equality in access to HEALTH services and one of the important dimensions of HEALTH equality in relation to RESOURCES distribution in this sector. Objectives: This study was done to examine the equality in resource distribution between provinces of Iran in 2014. Methods: In the present retrospective study, the population included the public HEALTH sector human RESOURCES, hospital beds, and HEALTH centers in Iran. The data were collected from the Iran statistics center and ministry of HEALTH and Medical education. The inequality was estimated by Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Hoover index, and by using Excel and Stata 12 software. Results: The Gini coefficients were 0. 13797, 0. 19980, and 0. 1499 for the manpower, HEALTH care centers, and hospital beds, respectively. Thus, they were significant. In addition, the Hoover index was 7, 8. 60, and 6. 70 for the three studied RESOURCES, respectively. Conclusions: The distribution of the HEALTH sector RESOURCES between Iran provinces was relatively equal. Therefore, HEALTH policy makers should be focused on the other aspects of accessibility such as distribution of RESOURCES according to HEALTH needs, RESOURCES distribution within provinces, and quality of provided services.